Systems and methods for interrelating text transcript information with video and/or audio information

ABSTRACT

A system or method for manipulating audiovisual data using transcript information. The system or method performs the following actions. Creating a computer-generated transcript of audio data from the audiovisual data, the computer-generated transcript includes a plurality of words, at least some words of the plurality of words are associated with a respective timestamp and a confidence score. Receiving a traditional transcript of the audio data, the traditional transcript includes a plurality of words that are not associated with timestamps. Identifying one or more words from the plurality of words of the computer-generated transcript that match words from the plurality of words of the traditional transcript. Associating the timestamp of the one or more words of the computer-generated transcript with the matching word of the traditional transcript. Processing the audiovisual data using the traditional transcript and the associated timestamps.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of thisinvention will become more readily appreciated as the same become betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description, whentaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an example embodiment of asystem for interrelating text transcript information with video and/oraudio information according to various aspects of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart that illustrates an example embodiment of a methodof processing video transcription information according to variousaspects of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computing device suitable for use toimplement portions of the system according to the present disclosure;and

FIG. 4 is a flow chart that illustrates an example embodiment of amethod for aligning a human-made transcript to the timing of a machinetranscript according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Body cameras, in-car cameras, wireless microphones, and smart phoneshave increased the amount of recorded audiovisual information. As usedherein, “audiovisual” information, data, or recordings refers to videothat includes audio, video that is associated with separate audio of thevideo scene, or audio alone. The internet, with such sites asyoutube.com, has provided an avenue for posting audiovisual recordingsfor public viewing. Security agencies (e.g., police forces) not onlycapture audiovisual recordings, but at times release audiovisualrecordings or a portion of an audiovisual recording to the public forviewing. A security agency may also prepare and release an audiovisualrecording as evidence for use in a proceeding.

A security agency may release not only an audiovisual recording, butalso a written record (e.g., transcript) of the audio portion of therecording. Audio portions of an audiovisual recording may be transcribedin a traditional manner (e.g., by a court reporter, by atranscriptionist) or by a computer (e.g., computer-generatedtranscription). A transcript includes a written representation ofcontent in the audio portion (e.g., audio data) of the audiovisualrecording. Presently, traditional transcripts are generally moreaccurate than computer-generated transcripts. Traditional transcriptsare generally more accurate as to the semantic translation of soundsinto proper words for a particular language.

However, a computer-generated transcript may include a record of thelocation (e.g., time, position) in the audiovisual data where each wordor sound was detected. Traditional prepared transcripts generally do notinclude additional data that provides the location of each word or soundof the transcript in the audiovisual recording.

According to various aspects of the present disclosure, traditionaltranscripts may be used to provide accurate semantics andcomputer-generated transcripts may be used to locate the words of theaudio data to the location in the audiovisual recording where the wordsoccur. Traditional transcripts may be used in combination withcomputer-generated transcripts so that the words of the traditionaltranscript may be linked (e.g., tied, associated, aligned) to thelocation in the audiovisual recording where the word occurs.

Tying the traditional transcript to the timing of the audiovisualrecording enables real-time redaction of portions of the audiovisualdata on playback of the recording. Redaction may be performedautomatically, with little or no human intervention. Rules may bespecified as to the type of material that should be redacted from anaudiovisual recording. During a presentation of audiovisual data, if therules specify that words or sounds in the transcript should be redacted,the presentation may be altered to redact the portion of the audiovisualdata that falls within the rules of redaction.

Further, a transcript in electronic form, whether traditionally orcomputer-generated, enables a user to search the transcript forparticular words such as geographic locations, articles of clothing,weapons, buildings, or other objects. The link to the location of wordsin the audiovisual data permits a user to search the transcript and findthe location in the audiovisual data easily.

A transcript may include a description of the characteristics the soundsor words of the audio. A description may include the volume (e.g.,intensity), tone (e.g., menacing, threatening, helpful, kind), frequencyrange, or emptions (e.g., anger, elation) of a word or a sound. Thedescription of the audio data may be searched by a user and linked to alocation in the audiovisual data.

System 100 of FIG. 1 is an example environment for ordering the creationof transcripts, storing transcripts, generating transcripts, storingaudiovisual data, aligning the words of a transcript and/or descriptionof the audio data to locations in audiovisual data, manipulating (e.g.redacting, searching) the audiovisual data using an aligned transcript,generating presentations of the aligned transcript and the audiovisualdata, and using an aligned transcript to redact a presentation of anaudiovisual recording in accordance with rules that specify materialthat should be redacted.

System 100 may include one or more traditional transcript serviceproviders 104, evidence management system 102, and one or more recordingsystems 106.

A recording system detects physical properties in an environment andrecords (e.g., stores) the information (e.g., data) regarding thephysical properties. Recorded information may be analyzed to determinecharacteristics of the physical properties detected and recorded.

Recorded information may relate to an incident (e.g., event,occurrence). Recorded information may provide a record of an incident.Recorded information may be reviewed to provide a reminder of theincident. Recorded information may be used as evidence to prove theoccurrence of an incident.

A recording system may detect and record visual (e.g., video) dataand/or audible (e.g., audio) physical properties. Visual and/or audiblephysical properties detected and recorded may be within the range ofvision and/or hearing of a human. Visual and/or audible physicalproperties detected and recorded may outside the range of vision and/orhearing of a human. The capture and storing of video and/or audio datamay be accomplished using any suitable technique. Use of the term videodata may refer to both video and audio data together.

A recording system may create an audiovisual record. Data stored by arecording system may be stored in any suitable format, including but notlimited to H.264, MPEG-4, AAC, and WAV. A recording system may convertthe recorded information from one format (e.g., analog data, encoding)to another format (e.g., digital data, encoding).

A recording system may communicate (e.g., transmit, receive) data. Arecording system may transmit recorded data to another system. Arecording system may include any conventional communication circuitryfor transmitting and/or receiving data. A recording system may use anyconventional wired (e.g., LAN, Ethernet) or wireless communication(e.g., Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, WiFi, ZigBee, 2G, 3G, 4G, WiMax)protocol. A recording system may store audiovisual data for a period(e.g., shift, day) then transmit the audiovisual data to another system.A recording system may transmit audiovisual information to anothersystem as it is captured (e.g., live streaming).

Recording system 106 performs the functions of recording systemdiscussed herein. In some embodiments, recording system 106 may includea digital camera such as a wearable (e.g., body-worn, carried) camerathat records audiovisual data. In some embodiments, recording system 106includes an in-car camera or dash cam that records audiovisual data.Recording system 106 may include separate recording systems, such as adigital camera and a wireless microphone that cooperate to perform thefunctions of a recording system. For example, video data from a firstcamera and audio data from a second camera may be combined and/or used.The act (e.g., function, operation) of recording may use any suitabletechnique known to one of ordinary skill in the art, and so is notdescribed in further detail herein.

In some implementations, recording system 106 records audiovisualinformation then transmits data to evidence management system 102. Insome implementations, recording system 106, recording system 106 livestreams audiovisual data to evidence management system 102.

An evidence management system may collect and manage information. Anevidence management system may receive recorded data from one or morerecording systems. An evidence management system may receive transcriptsfrom one or more traditional transcript service providers. An evidencemanagement system may provide recorded data, transcript data, and/ordata that has been processed to a person or entity. An evidencemanagement system may communicate with other systems to transmit andreceive data. An evidence management system may include any conventionalcommunication circuitry for transmitting and/or receiving data. Anevidence management system may use any conventional wired or wirelesscommunication protocol for communicating data.

An evidence management system may store data. An evidence managementsystem may store recorded data, the traditional transcripts,computer-generated transcripts, and/or alignment data that associatesrecorded data to transcript data. Recoded data includes audiovisualdata. An evidence management system may store and/or manage data in sucha manner that it may be used as evidence in a proceeding, such as alegal proceeding.

An evidence management system may organize stored data according to therecording system that captured the data. An evidence management systemmay organize stored data according to a particular recorded data (e.g.,video). An evidence management system may further organize stored dataaccording to agencies (e.g., groups, organizations). An evidencemanagement system may group captured data for storage according to theagency to which the person using the recording system used to capturethe data is employed.

Evidence management system 102 is an example of an embodiment of anevidence management system. Evidence management system 102 performs thefunctions of an evidence management system discussed herein.

Evidence management system 102 may include alignment engine 108,management engine 110, computer-generated transcript engine 112, videodata store 114, audio data store 116, computer-generated transcript datastore 118, traditional transcript data store 120, and alignment datastore 122.

An evidence management system may perform one or more operations (e.g.,functions). An operation may include providing recorded data to atraditional transcript service provider, such as to traditionaltranscript service provider 104, associating transcripts to recordeddata, aligning traditional transcripts to recorded data, generating acomputer-generated transcript of recorded data, and/or providing data toanother system. An engine may perform one or more operations of anevidence management system. An engine may perform one or more functionsor a single function. An engine may access stored data to perform afunction. An engine may generate data for storage.

The term “engine” as used herein refers to, in general, circuitry, logicembodied in hardware and/or software instructions executable by aprocessor of a computing device. Circuitry includes any circuit and/orelectrical/electronic subsystem for performing a function. Logicembedded in hardware includes any circuitry that performs apredetermined operation or predetermined sequence of operations.Examples of logic embedded in hardware include standard logic gates,application specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”), field-programmablegate arrays (“FPGAs”), microcell arrays, programmable logic arrays(“PLAs”), programmable array logic (“PALs”), complex programmable logicdevices (“CPLDs”), erasable programmable logic devices (“EPLDs”), andprogrammable logic controllers (“PLCs”). Logic embodied in (e.g.,implemented as) software instructions may be written in any programminglanguage, including but not limited to C, C++, COBOL, JAVA™, PHP, Perl,HTML, CSS, JavaScript, VBScript, ASPX, HDL, and/or Microsoft .NET™programming languages such as C#. The software for an engine may becompiled into an executable program or written in an interpretedprogramming language for execution by a suitable interpreter or virtualmachine executed by a processing circuit. Engines may be callable (e.g.,executable, controllable) from other engines or from themselves.

Generally, the engines described herein can be merged with otherengines, other applications, or may be divided into sub-engines. Enginesthat are implemented as logic embedded in software may be stored in anytype of computer-readable medium. An engine may be stored on andexecuted by one or more general purpose computers, thus creating aspecial purpose computer configured to perform the functions of (e.g.,provide) the engine.

The devices and systems illustrated herein may include one or morecomputing devices configured to perform the functions of the illustratedengines, though the computing devices themselves have not beenillustrated in every case for the sake of clarity.

A computer-generated transcript engine generates a computer-generatedtranscript. A computer-generated transcript engine may receive audiodata, analyze the audio data to identify words of one or more languages,and provide a record of the words identified for storage. Acomputer-generated transcript engine may include sophisticatedalgorithms to perform semantic analysis. Semantic analysis may includerecognizing the different connotations (e.g., meanings) of words tocorrectly identify words used in human speech. Semantic analysis mayinclude identifying words and phrases used in the vernacular (e.g.,region idioms, gang-related speech) and providing a translated meaning.

For example, computer-generated transcript engine 112 may use anysuitable speech-to-text algorithms to produce the computer-generatedtranscript, including but not limited acoustic modeling, languagemodeling, Hidden Markov models, feedforward artificial neural networks,and recurrent neural networks.

A computer-generated transcript engine may identify the location ofwords and phrases in the audio data. A timestamp in thecomputer-generated transcript may indicate a point in time (e.g.,location) at which a given recognized word occurred in the audio data. Atimestamp may have any suitable format including a time of day, anelapsed time from the beginning of the recording, and an elapsed timefrom the previously recognized word. A computer-generated transcriptengine may record the location of each word and/or phrase identified inthe audio data. A computer-generated transcript engine may prepare datathat relates (e.g., associates) each word or phrase to its respectivelocation in the audio data. A computer-generated transcript engine mayuse data that relates the audio data to the video data to relate thelocation of words and/or phrases to a location in the video data. Thedata that describes the location of a word and/or a phrase to a locationin audiovisual data may be referred to as alignment data. Acomputer-generated transcript engine may store alignment data. Alignmentdata may be stored in alignment data store 122 and/or incomputer-generated transcript data store 118. Alignment data may bestored with the computer-generated transcript in a single file orseparately with information as to how the alignment data relates to thecomputer-generated transcript.

Because wearable cameras and other types of recording devices in thefield may be subject to poor audio quality, including but not limited tohaving large amounts of noise, having inarticulate speech, having radiochatter or other background noise, computer-generated transcription ofaudiovisual data may generate inconsistent results. Confidence scoresmay be associated with words within the computer-generated transcript toindicate the estimated likelihood that the word generated by thecomputer-generated transcript engine is an accurate transcription of theword in the audio data.

A management engine may manage the generation and storage oftranscripts. A management engine may receive instructions from a userand/or other engines. A management engine may perform a functionresponsive to an instruction. A management engine may order thegeneration of a transcript by a traditional transcript service provider,such as traditional transcript service providers 104, or by acomputer-generated transcript engine, such as computer-generatedtranscript engine 112 engine. A management engine may provideaudiovisual data to a traditional transcript service provider and/or acomputer-generated transcript engine. A management engine may use anyconventional communication protocol to transmit audiovisual information.A management engine may track the progress of transcript generation.

A management engine may receive a transcript. A management engine mayuse any conventional communication protocol to receive a transcript. Amanagement engine may store a transcript. A management engine mayassociate a transcript with an audiovisual data. A management engine mayassociate a computer-generated transcript to a traditional transcript.

A management engine may receive alignment data. A management engine maystore alignment data. A management engine may associate alignment datawith audiovisual data. A management engine may associate alignment datato a computer-generated transcript and/or a traditional transcript.

A management engine may associate stored data to one or more recordingsystems, such as recording systems 106. A management engine mayassociate stored data to the recording system that recorded an audiodata that was used to generate a transcript. A management engine mayassociate stored data, transcripts, and/or alignment data to an agency.

A management engine may provide reports regarding the functions it hasor will perform.

Management engine 110 performs the functions of a management enginediscussed herein.

For example, management engine 110 may provide audio data to one or moretraditional transcript service providers 104 to have the audio datatranscribed. Management engine 110 may receive traditional transcriptsback from the traditional transcript service providers 104. Managementengine 110 may store traditional transcripts in traditional transcriptdata store 120.

Management engine 110 may provide a platform for agencies that storeinformation in evidence management system 102 to manage purchase oftranscription services from traditional transcript service providers 104through the evidence management system 102. An agency may enter intocontracts with one or more traditional transcript service providers 104.The agency contract may include various terms including service levelagreements and price points. Management engine 110 may create accountsfor traditional transcript service providers 104 within the evidencemanagement system 102 to allow the agency to request transcripts fromthe traditional transcript service providers 104 according to theiragency contracts.

A user (e.g., officer) associated with an agency may choose fromtraditional transcript service providers 104 that have a contract withthe agency. Management engine 110 may provide audio data to atraditional transcript service provider 104 in response to a requestfrom a user. Management engine 110 may seek approval from a supervisorof the user before requesting a transcript from the traditionaltranscript service provider 104. The management engine 110 may wait forthe approval of the supervisor before it sends out audio data to thetraditional transcript service provider 104.

Management engine 110 may create a unique identifier for eachtranscription order. Evidence management system 102 may provide theunique identifier to the requesting agency to allow them to obtaincustomer service directly from traditional transcript service provider104. Traditional transcript service provider 104 may use informationobtained from the evidence management system 102, such as the uniqueidentifier, supervisor name, and user name, to bill the agency directlyfor transcription services.

Management engine 110, as opposed to a user at an agency, may select atraditional transcript service provider 104, or management engine 110may be instructed on which traditional transcript service provider 104to use. Management engine 110 may select traditional transcript serviceprovider 104 using any algorithm (e.g., round-robin) or using anycriteria (e.g., cost, throughput, loading at provider, highestaccuracy).

A traditional transcript service provider 104 may be capable ofproducing a highly accurate transcript of audio data. In someembodiments, audio data only or the entire audiovisual data may betransmitted to a computing device (e.g., computer) of a traditionaltranscript service provider 104. Traditional transcript service provider104 may use one or more computing devices and/or mechanical devices toallow an operator (e.g., a person trained to provide transcriptionservices) to listen to the audio data and enter a transcription ofspeech and/or other audio elements within the audio data. In someembodiments, evidence management system 102 may stream audio data to acomputing device of an operator, and may provide a web-based interface,an app, a desktop application, or an application programming interface(API) for the operator to enter the transcription. Further descriptionof examples of the interaction between the evidence management system102 and the traditional transcript service providers 104 is providedbelow.

Management engine 110 may transcode the audio data into a format desiredby a given transcription service provider 104, such as WAV. Managementengine 110 may include additional metadata along with the audio data,including but not limited to an owning user, an owning agency, and/or adesired type of transcript (e.g., verbatim or standard).

A traditional transcript from the traditional transcript serviceprovider 104 may be provided in any suitable format including but notlimited to a text file and a word processing document. A traditionaltranscript may include explanatory information including but not limitedto the identity of the speakers, a description of noises and/or sounds,and/or the meaning of colloquial language or slang.

Management engine 110 may also manage (e.g., control) a process (e.g.,work flow) for making revisions to the traditional transcript. Forexample, as a prosecution team and a defense team argue over the exactwords that should appear in a given transcript, management engine 110may track changes made to the transcript, the identity of the personmaking the change, and any information as to the reason for the change.In another example, a judge may order certain portions of the transcriptstricken. Management engine 110 may make and track such changes to thetraditional transcript when instructed to do so.

An alignment engine aligns data. An alignment engine may identify whereparticular data in one set of data (e.g., file) corresponds toparticular data in another file. An alignment engine may record how thedata of one file aligns with the data of another file. An alignmentengine may include the data from one or more of the files in the filethat stores alignment data.

An alignment engine may align the words and/or phrases of a traditionaltranscript to some or all of the words or phrases of acomputer-generated transcript. Using the alignment data for thealignment between the traditional transcript and the computer-generatedtranscript, an alignment engine may align the traditional transcript tosome or all of the identified locations in the audio file. An alignmentengine may use confidence scores provided by computer-generatedtranscript engine 112 to aid in alignment. Using the alignmentinformation between the audio data and the video data, an alignmentengine may align the traditional transcript to video data.

The data from one or more of the above alignments may be referred to asenhanced alignment data.

Due to the present quality of computer-generated transcripts, not all ofthe words in a computer-generated transcript are likely to beintelligible or recognizable as words of a known language. Depending onthe quality of the audio data, an operator transcribing audio data maynot be able to recognize all of the words spoken. Accordingly, analignment engine may not be able to align all of the words in thetraditional transcript to words in the computer-generated transcript. Analignment engine may use any algorithm for spacing words in thetraditional transcript that do not match words in the computer-generatedtranscript.

For example, alignment engine 108 compares the words in the traditionaltranscript to the words in the computer-generated transcript to findmatches. Alignment engine 108 may compare the words of the traditionaltranscript to only those words in the computer-generated transcripthaving a confidence score greater than a threshold. Alignment engine 108may compare single words from the traditional transcript to words of thecomputer-generated transcript to find a match. Alignment engine 108 mayrequire that a group of words (e.g., sequence) from the traditionaltranscript match the same group of words in the same order beforeidentifying the words as matching.

Alignment engine 108 may space unmatched words equally between thematched words. Alignment engine 108 may compare the intensity (e.g.,volume) of the audio data to words that commonly spoken loudly or try toidentify the sounds of individual letters or syllables in the words ofthe transcript to letter or syllable sounds in the audio data toidentify a location of unmatched words.

As understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, a “data store” asdescribed herein may be any suitable device configured to store data foraccess by a computing device. A data store receives data. A data storeretains (e.g., stores) data. A data store retrieves data. A data storeprovides data for use by a system, such as an engine. A data store mayorganize data for storage. A data store may organize data as a databasefor storage and/or retrieval. The operations of organizing data forstorage in or retrieval from a database of a data store may be performedby a data store. A data store may include a repository for persistentlystoring and managing collections of data. A data store may store filesthat are not organized in a database. Data in a data store may be storedin computer-readable medium.

One example of a data store suitable for use with the high capacityneeds of the evidence management system 102 is a highly reliable,high-speed relational database management system (“RDBMS”) executing onone or more computing devices and accessible over a high-speed network.However, any other suitable storage technique and/or device capable ofquickly and reliably providing the stored data in response to queriesmay be used, such as a key-value store and an object database.

Data stores 114-122 perform the functions of a data store discussedherein. A data store may be implemented using any computer-readablemedium. An engine (e.g., 108-112) or computing device of managementsystem 102 may access data store 114-122 locally (e.g., via data bus),over a network, and/or as a cloud-based service.

In an example of a data store suitable for use with recording systems106, which includes reliable storage but also low overhead, is a filesystem or database management system that stores data in files (orrecords) on a computer-readable medium such as flash memory, randomaccess memory (RAM), or hard disk drives.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that separate datastores described herein may be combined into a single data store, and/ora single data store described herein may be separated into multiple datastores, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

A computer-readable medium may store, retrieve, and/or organize data. Asused herein, the term “computer-readable medium” includes any storagemedium that is readable by a machine (e.g., computer, processor,processing circuit). Storage medium includes any devices, materials,and/or structures used to place, keep, and retrieve data (e.g.,information). A storage medium may be volatile or non-volatile. Astorage medium may include any semiconductor (e.g., RAM, ROM, EPROM,Flash), magnetic (e.g., hard disk drive), optical technology (e.g., CD,DVD), or combination thereof. Computer-readable medium includes storagemedium that is removable or non-removable from a system.Computer-readable medium may store any type of information, organized inany manner, and usable for any purpose such as computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart that illustrates an example embodiment of a methodof processing video transcript information according to various aspectsof the present disclosure. From a start block, the method 200 proceedsto block 202, where one or more recording systems 106 record audiovisualdata, and transmit the data to an evidence management system 102. Insome embodiments, the recording systems 106 may be capable of wirelesscommunication, and may transmit recorded data to the evidence managementsystem 102 using any suitable transmission technology including but notlimited to WiFi, 3G, 4G, LTE, and WiMAX. In some embodiments, therecording systems 106 may be physically connected to a dock via anysuitable type of wired connection including but not limited to USB,FireWire, and a 3.5 mm connector. The dock may then obtain the recordeddata from the recording system 106 and then transmit the recorded datato the evidence management system 102 via a network. Further descriptionof devices and techniques for transmitting recorded data to an evidencemanagement system 102 from a recording system 106 are described incommonly owned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/210,060,filed Jul. 14, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is herebyincorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

At block 204, the evidence management system 102 stores the video data(if any) of the audiovisual data in a video data store 114 and storesthe audio data of the audiovisual data in an audio data store 116. Insome embodiments, the video data and the audio data may be storedtogether. In some embodiments, the video data and audio data may bestored in separate data stores in order to allow the audio data alone tobe transmitted to a traditional transcript service provider 104, so thevideo data and audio data may be associated with each other by a uniqueidentifier or using another suitable technique.

Next, at block 206, a computer-generated transcript engine 112 of theevidence management system 102 creates a computer-generated transcriptthat includes timestamps and confidence scores for at least some wordsin the audio data, and at block 208, the machine transcription engine112 stores the computer-generated transcript in a computer-generatedtranscript data store 118. In some embodiments, the computer-generatedtranscript is stored in a machine-readable format, including but notlimited to JavaScript Object Notation (“JSON”) and extensible markuplanguage (“XML”). In some embodiments, all audio data may be transcribedby the computer-generated transcript engine 112. In some embodiments,only audio data tagged with a given type or stored in a given categorymay be transcribed by the computer-generated transcript engine 112.

At block 210, a management engine 110 of the evidence management system102 obtains a traditional transcript of the audio data from atraditional transcript service provider 104.

At block 212, the management engine 110 stores the traditionaltranscript in a traditional transcript data store 120.

The method 200 then proceeds to block 214, where an alignment engine 108of the evidence management system 102 matches one or morehigh-confidence words from the computer-generated transcript to wordsfrom the traditional transcription. An example of a method suitable foruse in block 214 is illustrated in FIG. 4 and described further below.

At block 216, the alignment engine 108 adds the timestamps from thematching high-confidence words to the words of the traditionaltranscript. The timestamps may be added to the traditional transcriptusing any suitable format. In some embodiments, the traditionaltranscription may be reformatted into a JSON format, an XML format, oranother machine-readable format in order to associate the timestampswith the words. In some embodiments, a separate record of matchingwords, timestamps, and their location within the traditional transcriptmay be created. The separate record may be stored in the alignment datastore 122, or may be stored along with the traditional transcript in thetraditional transcript data store 120. In some embodiments, at leastsome of the actions described in block 216 may be performed in themethod suitable for use in block 214.

At block 218, the alignment engine 108 associates the traditionaltranscript with the audiovisual data using the timestamps as guideposts.The association may include creating an overlay that presents the textfrom the traditional transcript at a pace indicated by the guideposttimestamps. Using an overlay allows the evidence management system 102to generate an MPEG, DVD, or other video presentation format that wouldalways present the transcript text in the same manner. The associationmay include creating a subtitle track and/or SRT file that presents thetext from the traditional transcript at a pace indicated by theguidepost timestamps. Using a subtitle track allows a viewer to turn thetranscript display on and off. The pace of display between the guideposttimestamps may be determined using syllables or other characteristicsdetected in the audio data.

At block 220, the management engine 110 processes the audiovisual databased on analysis of the traditional transcript. The actions of block220 are optional, and either may not be performed, or may be performedseparately from the rest of the method 200 once a traditional transcripthas been aligned to audiovisual data.

Management engine 110 may use the aligned traditional transcript toautomatically redact portions of the audiovisual data. For example,management engine 110 may detect names, addresses, profanity, and/orother keywords, or pattern-based portions of text from the alignedtraditional transcript. Management engine 110 may use the associatedtimestamps to automatically redact the detected portions of theaudiovisual data. As another example, the management engine 110 mayprovide a search interface that allows the full text of traditionaltranscripts to be searched, wherein the search results will linkdirectly to the relevant portion of audiovisual data using thetimestamps. As yet another example, the management engine 110 maypresent a web-based interface, an app, a desktop application, an API, oranother type of interface that allows a user to select a portion of thetranscript to be redacted, and the management engine 110 mayautomatically redact the associated portions of the audiovisual data.

The method 200 then proceeds to an end block and terminates.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart that illustrates a method according to variousaspects of the present disclosure. Method 400 may be performed by one ormore engines, for example a computer-generated transcript engine 112 andan alignment engine 108 of evidence management system 102, or by acomputing device of evidence management system 102. Method 400 includesblocks start 402, select 404, search present 408, present found 410,simple 412, search prior 414, prior found 416, set yes 418, set no 420,search next 422, next found 424, test prior 426, associate 428, complete430, and end 432.

Evidence management system 102 may execute one or more of the blocks ofmethod 400 in parallel. Evidence management system 102 may beginexecution of a block when it has received the data required to performthe function of the block.

Method 400 begins execution with start 402. Start 402 may initialize anyvariable needed to perform method 400. Start 402 may retrieve, forexample from a data store, any preference information provided by a usersuch as whether all three words (e.g., prior, present, next) must matchto associate a time or the threshold for the confidence score todetermine whether a word from the traditional transcript matches thecomputer-generated transcript. Execution continues with select 404.

Select 404 accesses the computer-generated transcript to select threecontiguous words. The meaning of the term “contiguous” depends onwhether the confidence score of the words of the computer-generatedtranscript is considered. If the confidence score is not considered, theterm “contiguous” means that there are no words between the selectedwords. If the confidence score is considered, the term “contiguous”means that the selected words each have a confidence score greater thanthe threshold and all of the words between any of the selected words, ifany, have a confidence score of less than the threshold. Edge cases,such as first starting or ending method 400 are not described herein.“Prior word” refers to the first word in the sequence of threecontiguous words, “present word” refers to the word that follows “priorword” and comes before “next word” in the transcript. The words “prior”,“present”, and “next” refer to the order of words in the order in whichthe words would be read in the transcript. After selecting threecontinuous words from the computer-generated transcript, execution movesto threshold 406.

Search present 408 searches for the present word in the traditionaltranscript. Search present 408 uses any conventional technique forsearching a digital file for a particular word. The word from thetraditional transcript that matches the present word is referred toherein as the identified word. Execution moves to present found 410.Present found 410 makes a decision based on whether the search present408 found the present word in the traditional transcript. If the presentword was found, execution goes to simple 412. If the present word wasnot found, execution goes to select 404.

Simple 412 determines whether method 400 should make decisions based onfinding present word alone in the traditional transcript or whetherprior word, next word, or both must also be found in the traditionaltranscript in the proper order. A user or a method executed by an enginemay determine whether the search performed is simple or more involved.

If only a simple search is to be performed, execution moves to associate428. If more than one word must be found in the traditional transcript,execution moves to search prior 414.

Search prior 414 searches for the prior word in the traditionaltranscript. If there are no words between the prior word and the presentword in the computer-generated transcript, search prior 414 may selectthe word that is proximate the present word in the traditionaltranscript; however, if the proximate word does not match the previousword, search prior 414 may need to search the traditional transcriptbackwards from the present word just in case the traditional transcriptcontains a description between the two words in the traditionaltranscript. If search prior must search for a march to the previousword, search prior 414 may use any conventional technique for searchinga digital file for a particular word. Execution moves to prior found416. A condition of indicating that the prior word was found may includedetermining that any word that matches prior word is contiguous to theword that matched present word.

Prior found 416 makes a decision based on whether the search prior 414found the prior word in the traditional transcript. If the prior wordwas found, execution goes to set yes 418. If the prior word was notfound or the requirement for contiguousness was not met, execution goesto set no 420.

Set yes 418 sets a variable to indicate that the prior word was found inthe traditional transcript. Set no 420 sets a variable to indicate thatthe prior word was not found in the traditional transcript or thecontiguousness requirements were not met. Execution from set yes 418 andset no 420 goes to search next 422.

Search next 422 searches for the next word in the traditionaltranscript. If there are no words between the prior word and the presentword in the computer-generated transcript, search next 422 may selectthe word that is just ahead the present word in the traditionaltranscript. If the word from the traditional transcript does not matchthe next word, as discussed above, search next 422 may any conventionaltechnique for searching a digital file for a particular word. Executionmoves to next found 424. A condition of indicating that the next wordwas found may include determining that any word that matches next wordis continuous to the word that matched present word.

Next found 424 makes a decision based on whether search next 422 foundthe next word in the traditional transcript. If the next word was found,at least two of the three words were found in the traditional transcriptand execution goes to associate 428. If the next word was not found orthe requirement for contiguousness was not met, execution goes to testprior 426.

Test prior 426 makes a decision based on whether search prior 414 foundthe prior word in the traditional transcript. If the prior word wasfound, then two of the three words were found in the traditionaltranscript and execution goes to associate 428.

Associate 428 associates the time that present word occurs in the audiodata to the identified word in the traditional transcript.

As discussed above, when a computer-generated transcript is made, thelocation of each word that is recognized in the data file may berecorded. As further discussed above, the location of a word may be thetime the word occurs in the audio data, the number of words or syllablesbefore the particular word in the audio data, the time before or after aunique sound in the audio data, or any other method for determining thelocation of a word in the audio file.

Associate 428 associates the location, in this case time, of the presentword to the identified word in the traditional transcript. Associatingmay include altering the traditional transcript to include the time in amanner that it relates to the identified word or making a separaterecord that relates the content of the traditional transcript and theidentified times.

It is possible that not all words in the traditional transcript will beassociated with a time from the computer-generated transcript. The wordsin the traditional transcript that are not associated with a time fromthe computer-generated transcript may be assigned a time that is insequential order with the associated times of the words before andafter.

In complete 430, evidence management system 102 determines whether theentire computer-generated transcript has been processed. If the words ofthe computer-generated transcript have all been assessed and skipped orcompared to words in the traditional transcript, execution goes to end432 where the method ends. Otherwise, execution returns to select 404.

In some embodiments, other techniques may be used to determine wordsthat match between the traditional transcript and the computer-generatedtranscript. For example, the same word has to be found in thetraditional transcript within a given distance of an expected positionof the word from the computer-generated transcript in order to beconsidered a match. Stated differently, if the word “dog” is determinedto be a high-confidence word, and it is the 500^(th) word in thecomputer-generated transcript, a match in the traditional transcript maybe the word “dog” that appears at either the 500^(th) word or within apredetermined number of words from the 500^(th) word. In someembodiments, the order or position of previously matched words may beused to further enhance the ability to find matching words. In someembodiments, the correlation between the low-confidence words and theunmatched words in the traditional transcript may be used for machinelearning to improve the quality of a subsequent computer-generatedtranscript.

A computing device may perform a function. A computing device mayprovide a result of performing a function. A computing device mayreceive information, manipulate the received information, and providethe manipulated information. A computing device may execute a storedprogram to perform a function.

A computing device may provide and/or receive digital data via aconventional bus using any conventional protocol. A computing device mayprovide and/or receive digital data via a network connection. Acomputing device may store information and retrieve stored information.Information received, stored, and/or manipulated by the computing devicemay be used to perform a function and/or to perform a stored program.

A computing device may control the operation and/or function of othercircuits and/or components of a system. A computing device may receivestatus information regarding the operation of other components, performcalculations with respect to the status information, and providecommands (e.g., instructions) to one or more other components for thecomponent to start operation, continue operation, alter operation,suspend operation, or cease operation. Commands and/or status may becommunicated between a computing device and other circuits and/orcomponents via any type of buss including any type of conventionaldata/address bus.

For example, FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates aspects ofcomputing device 300 appropriate for use as a computing device of thepresent disclosure. Computing device 300 performs the functions of acomputing device discussed above. Computing device 300 may includeprocessor 102, system memory 304, communication bus 106, storage memory108, and network interface circuit 310.

While multiple different types of computing devices were discussedabove, computing device 300 describes various elements that are commonto many different types of computing devices. While FIG. 3 is describedwith reference to a computing device that is implemented as a device ona network, the description below is applicable to servers, personalcomputers, mobile phones, smart phones, tablet computers, embeddedcomputing devices, and other devices that may be used to implementportions of embodiments of the present disclosure. Moreover, those ofordinary skill in the art and others will recognize that the computingdevice 300 may be any one of any number of currently available or yet tobe developed devices.

A processor, also referred to as a processing circuit, includes anycircuitry and/or electrical/electronic subsystem for performing afunction. A processing circuit may include circuitry that performs(e.g., executes) a stored program. A processing circuit may include adigital signal processor, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, anapplication specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic device,logic circuitry, state machines, MEMS devices, signal conditioningcircuitry, communication circuitry, a radio, data busses, addressbusses, and/or a combination thereof in any quantity suitable forperforming a function and/or executing one or more stored programs.

A processing circuit may further include conventional passive electronicdevices (e.g., resistors, capacitors, inductors) and/or activeelectronic devices (op amps, comparators, analog-to-digital converters,digital-to-analog converters, programmable logic). A processing circuitmay include conventional data buses, output ports, input ports, timers,memory, and arithmetic units.

A processing circuit may provide and/or receive electrical signalswhether digital and/or analog in form. A processing circuit may provideand/or receive digital data.

A processing circuit may have a low power state in which only a portionof its circuits operate or it performs only certain function. Aprocessing circuit may be switched (e.g., awoken) from a low power stateto a higher power state in which more or all of its circuits operate orit performs additional certain functions.

A system memory may store data and/or program modules that areimmediately accessible to and/or are currently being operated on by theprocessing circuit. A system memory may be a computer-readable medium.In this regard, a processor may perform or control the operation of acomputing device by executing a stored program.

A communication bus transfers data between the components of a computingdevice. A communication bus may transfer data between computing devices.A communication bus may include a control bus, an address bus, and/or adata bus. A control bus may control access to the data and/or addressbus. An address bus may specify a location of where data and/or controlmay be sent and/or received. Data, address, and/or control transfer viaa communication bus may be unidirectional. Data, address, and/or controltransfer via a communication bus may be bidirectional. Data, address,and/or control may be transferred serially and/or in parallel.

A communication bus may include any conventional control bus, addressbus, and/or data bus (e.g., internal bus, expansion bus, local bus,front-side-bus, USB, FireWire, Serial ATA, AGP, PCI express, PCI,HyperTransport, InfiniBand, EISA, NuBus, MicroChannel, SBus, I2C, HIPPI,CAN bus, FutureBus). A communication bus may use any protocol, whetherconventional or custom (e.g., application specific, proprietary) totransfer data.

A communication bus may transfer data, address, and/or control using anytransmission medium. A transmission medium includes any material (e.g.,physical) substance capable of propagating waves and/or energy (e.g.,optical, electrical, electro-magnetic).

A network interface enables a computing device to communicate with otherdevices and/or systems over a network. The functions of a networkinterface may be performed by circuits, logic embedded in hardware,software instructions executable by a processor, or any combinationthereof. The functions performed by a network interface enable acomputing device to communicate with anther device. The functionsperformed by a network interface, whether using hardware or softwareexecuted by a processor, may be referred to as services. A device mayrequest the services of a communication interface to communicate with acomputing device.

A network interface may communicate via wireless medium and/or a wiredmedium. A network interface may include circuits, logic embedded inhardware, or software instructions executable by a processor (e.g.,wireless network interface) for wireless communication. A networkinterface may include circuits, logic embedded in hardware, or softwareinstructions executable by a processor (e.g., wired network interface)for wired communication. The circuits, logic embedded in hardware, orsoftware used for a wireless network interface may be the same in wholeor in part as the circuits, logic embedded in hardware, or software usedfor a wired network interface. A network interface may communicate usingany conventional wired (e.g., LAN, Ethernet) or wireless communication(e.g., Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, WiFi, ZigBee, 2G, 3G, LTE,WiMax) protocol.

In a basic configuration, computing device 300 may include at least oneprocessor 302 and a system memory 304 connected by communication bus306.

Processor 302, system memory 304, and communication bus 306 may performthe functions and include the structures of a processor, a systemmemory, and a communication bus respectively discussed above.

Depending on the configuration of computing device 300, system memory304 may be a volatile or nonvolatile computer-readable medium, includingbut not limited to read only memory (“ROM”), random access memory(“RAM”), EEPROM, and/or flash memory.

Some or all of the functions of network interface may be performed byprocessor 302. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in theart, the network interface 310 illustrated in FIG. 3 may represent oneor more wireless interfaces or physical communication interfacesdescribed and illustrated above with respect to particular components ofthe system 100.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, the computing device 300 alsoincludes a storage memory 308. However, services may be accessed using acomputing device that does not include means for persisting data to alocal storage memory. Therefore, the storage memory 308 depicted in FIG.3 is represented with a dashed line to indicate that the storage memory308 is optional. In any event, the storage memory 308 may be acomputer-readable medium that may be volatile or nonvolatile, removableor nonremovable, and implemented using any technology capable of storinginformation including, but not limited to, a hard drive, solid statedrive, CD ROM, DVD, or other disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetictape, and magnetic disk storage.

Suitable implementations of computing devices that include a processor302, system memory 304, communication bus 306, storage memory 308, andnetwork interface circuit 310 are known and commercially available. Forease of illustration and because it is not important for anunderstanding of the claimed subject matter, FIG. 3 does not show someof the typical components of many computing devices. In this regard, thecomputing device 300 may include input devices, such as a keyboard,keypad, mouse, microphone, touch input device, touch screen, tablet,and/or the like. Such input devices may be coupled to the computingdevice 300 by wired or wireless connections including RF, infrared,serial, parallel, Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy, USB, or othersuitable connections protocols using wireless or physical connections.Similarly, the computing device 300 may also include output devices suchas a display, speakers, printer, etc. Since these devices are well knownin the art, they are not illustrated or described further herein.

While the preferred embodiment of the invention have been illustratedand described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Examples listed in parentheses may be used in the alternative or in anypractical combination. As used in the specification and claims, thewords ‘comprising’, ‘comprises’, ‘including’, ‘includes’, ‘having’, and‘has’ introduce an open-ended statement of component structures and/orfunctions. In the specification and claims, the words ‘a’ and ‘an’ areused as indefinite articles meaning ‘one or more’. When a descriptivephrase includes a series of nouns and/or adjectives, each successiveword is intended to modify the entire combination of words preceding it.For example, a black dog house is intended to mean a house for a blackdog. In the claims, the term “provided” is used to definitively identifyan object that not a claimed element of the invention but an object thatperforms the function of a workpiece that cooperates with the claimedinvention.

The location indicators “herein”, “hereunder”, “above”, “below”, orother word that refer to a location, whether specific or general, shallbe construed to refer to any location in the specification.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a computing device formanipulating audiovisual data using transcript information, the methodcomprising: creating a computer-generated transcript of audio data fromthe audiovisual data, the computer-generated transcript includes aplurality of words, at least some words of the plurality of words areassociated with a respective timestamp and a confidence score; receivinga traditional transcript of the audio data, the traditional transcriptincludes a plurality of words that are not associated with timestamps;identifying one or more words from the plurality of words of thecomputer-generated transcript that match words from the plurality ofwords of the traditional transcript; associating the timestamp of theone or more words of the computer-generated transcript with the matchingword of the traditional transcript; and processing the audiovisual datausing the traditional transcript and the associated timestamps.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein processing the audiovisual data comprisesgenerating a presentation of the traditional transcript for displayalong with a presentation of the audiovisual data using the timestampsassociated with the traditional transcript to determine a pace ofdisplay of the traditional transcript.
 3. The method of claim 2 whereingenerating the presentation of the traditional transcript comprisesgenerating at least one of a subtitle track and generating a videooverlay.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein processing the audiovisualdata comprises: determining a selection of one or more words of thetraditional transcript; identifying a portion of the audiovisual datathat corresponds to the selected one or more words based on thetimestamps; and processing the identified portion of the audiovisualdata.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein processing the identified portionof the audiovisual data comprises at least one of redacting theidentified portion and presenting the identified portion.
 6. The methodof claim 4 wherein determining the selection of one or more words of thetraditional transcript comprises at least one of receiving a selectionof one or more words of the traditional transcript via a user interfaceand searching the traditional transcript for the one or more words. 7.The method of claim 1 wherein identifying one or more matching wordscomprises identifying one or more words of the plurality of words of thecomputer-generated transcript that are associated with confidence scoreshigher than a predetermined threshold.
 8. A method performed by acomputing device for manipulating audiovisual data, the methodcomprising: obtaining a transcript of audio data from the audiovisualdata, the transcript includes a plurality of words, two or more words ofthe transcript include a respective timestamp; determining a selectionof one or more words of the transcript; identifying a portion of theaudiovisual data corresponding to the selected one or more words inaccordance with the timestamps; and manipulating the identified portionof the audiovisual data.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein manipulatingthe identified portion of the audiovisual data comprises redacting theidentified portion.
 10. The method of claim 8 wherein manipulating theidentified portion of the audiovisual data comprises creating a clipthat includes the identified portion.
 11. The method of claim 8 whereinmanipulating the identified portion of the audiovisual data comprisespresenting the identified portion.
 12. The method of claim 8 whereindetermining the selection of one or more words of the transcriptcomprises receiving a selection of the one or more words via a userinterface.
 13. The method of claim 8 wherein determining the selectionof one or more words of the transcript comprises identifying withinwords of the transcript one or more of profanity, names, and addresses.14. The method of claim 8 wherein determining the selection of one ormore words of the transcript comprises searching the transcript for theone or more words.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein determining theselection of one or more words of the transcript comprises identifyingone or more words of the transcript that are associated with confidencescores higher than a predetermined threshold.
 16. A system forprocessing transcripts of audiovisual data, the system comprising: oneor more recording systems each configured to generate audiovisual data;and an evidence management system having one or more computing devicesconfigured to: store audio data and video data received from therecording systems; transmit audio data to a plurality of traditionaltranscript service providers; receive traditional transcripts of theaudio data from the traditional transcript service providers; and storethe traditional transcripts of the audio data.
 17. The system of claim16 wherein transmitting audio data to the plurality of traditionaltranscript service providers comprises: determining a selection of atraditional transcript service provider from the plurality oftraditional transcript service providers, the selection provided by auser of the evidence management system; and transmitting audio dataassociated with the user to the selected traditional transcript serviceprovider.
 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising obtainingauthorization from a supervisor of the user before transmitting theaudio data associated with the user to the selected traditionaltranscript service provider.